Determinan Kinerja Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM): Bukti Empiris dari Wilayah Pedesaan di Indonesia

This study aims to identify the internal and external factors influencing the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Tuban Regency, Indonesia. MSMEs play a crucial role in the national economy, evidenced by their resilience during crises and significant contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, MSMEs face increasing challenges, particularly from competition and technological advancements. This research employed a quantitative descriptive method with a survey approach, collecting primary data through questionnaires distributed to 30 MSMEs registered with a Business Identification Number (NIB), selected using purposive sampling. Data analysis involved instrument testing (validity and reliability), classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity), and multiple linear regression analysis. The findings indicate that internal factors significantly and positively influence MSME performance, while external factors do not show a significant partial effect. Nonetheless, both internal and external factors jointly affect overall MSME performance. The study highlights the importance of strengthening internal factors such as human and financial resources. Future research is recommended to explore additional variables—such as product innovation, digital marketing strategies, or the broader MSME support ecosystem—to provide a more comprehensive understanding of MSME performance drivers.